雅思写作评分标准之词汇

我们知道雅思考试的所有阅卷工作由经过训练的评分人员和考官在考试中心进行。在写作部分，考官是根据详细的考生表现评分标准给考生打分，即考官通过考生在写作考试中的表现来评定其成绩属于9分制中的哪一等级。考官按以下四项分别评等级分：任务完成情况（Task 1）/任务回答情况（Task 2），连贯与衔接，词汇变换、句式多样性和语法准确性。这四方面所占权重相同。本篇文章，新麦加老师将和大家探讨词汇这一个评分标准。 ① 首先我们看一下官方对于写作成绩6分的词汇（lexical resource）的描述： Band Lexical Resource 6 • uses an adequate range of vocabulary for the task • attempts to use less common vocabulary but with some inaccuracy • makes some errors in spelling and/or word formation, but they do not impede communication 很明显词汇这一块如果要上6，则需要符合以下要求： 1. 词汇足够 (adequate range of vocabulary) 2. 试图使用不常用词汇，但有一些错误 (less common vocabulary with some inaccuracy) 3. 拼写和词组有一些错误，但不影响读者理解(some errors, not impede communication)

我们看以下一个例子： Nowadays，technology is an essential part of education. The use of computers in a classroom is so common that it is almost impossible to students follow their studies if they do not have computer skills. However, if the computer dominate the major role of education, what should be done with the teachers? Firstly, not all schools can provide computers for their students. In this case, colleges situated far away from big center or better, in small towns, depend on teachers as the main source of knowledge for their children. Another point to be considered is the fact that no all students are keen on working with computers or have enough skills to work with these modern machines. (Band 6 from OG p.133) 在以上的节选里，作者用词整体比较简单。用到了一些常见的固定搭配，例如：an essential part of (一个至关重要的部分)，have computer skills (会用电脑)，main source of knowledge (知识的主要来源)。同时有一些错误，例如：impossible to students follow their studies应改成impossible for students to follow their studies，dominate应改成dominates。

②我们再看一下官方对于写作成绩7分的词汇（lexical resource）的描述： Band Lexical Resource 7 • uses a sufficient range of vocabulary to allow some flexibility and precision • uses less common lexical items with some awareness of style and collocation • may produce occasional errors in word choice, spelling and/or word formation 很明显词汇这一块如果要上7，必须符合以下几点： 1. 词汇多样并且准确（a sufficient range of vocabulary, precise） 2. 使用不常见的词汇，注意固定搭配（less common lexical items, collocation） 3. 用词、拼写、词组构成上偶尔错误（occasional errors）

我们再看下一个例子： Nowadays, learning a new language for the purpose of working in other countries seems to become more and more popular. Adults in need of money or, why not, recognition are trying to pursue their happiness far away from home. Also, the hey days of employers looking only for capable people have gone. It seems that today’s employers are looking not only for multi-skilled employees, but they also want people who know more than their mother tongue. Sooner or later, those who omitted learning more are prone to become jobless. (Band 7 from Cambridge 11 p.137) 在上面的段落里作者整体用词简单，地道，多样。同时准确地使用了learn a new language (学习一门新语言)，become more and more popular（变的越来越受欢迎），pursue one’s happiness (追求幸福)，multi-skilled employees (拥有多种技能的员工)，mother tongue (母语)，be prone to become jobless (更有可能失业) 这些固定搭配。也用到heyday (n. 鼎盛时期)这样一个不是很常见的单词。美中不足之处在于omit learning more 欠妥当。

我们在把6分和7分的词汇描述放在同一个表格里对比一下： Lexical Resource 6分 7分 1. 词汇足够 2. 试图使用不常用词汇，但有一些错误 3. 拼写和词组有一些错误，但不影响读者理解 1. 词汇多样并且准确 2. 使用不常见的词汇，注意固定搭配 3. 用词、拼写、词组构成上偶尔错误 综上所述，雅思写作要从6分到7分，就词汇这一块，则需要更少的用词错误，更多的用词变化，也就是“亮点”。事实上，写作单项，在中国区考，很少有学生能达到7分。所以考生需要根据自己的实际情况（语言功底）和目标院校的要求，制定相应的目标分数，如果7分很难，不妨先定个小目标6分。