上海新托福口语

the number of items of information in text and pictures which have to be placed, the size and number of products to be presented, d the furniture required in the room: tables, chairs, shelf units, display walls, light fittings etc. In the case of exhibitions, information presented in texts and pictures is as a rule reduced to the minimum. Large and easily legible notices and pictures, clear organization of the products, sparingly used subject- related colour and functional architectural conception can, with the aid of a systematic grid arrangement, make it easier for the visitor to grasp what is on show and be persuaded of its merits. In arranging texts and pictures on point to remember is the eye level at which the visitor views them. A height of 170 cm can be taken as an average. Texts or pictures placed too high tire the visitor because they force him to hold up his head too much; pictures and texts placed too low are equally fatiguing. A slightly downward angle of the head imposes the smallest strain on the muscles. In planning the grid for a three- dimensional design the process is basically the same as for a two-dimensional grid. Certain additional problems are raised by the material, lighting and circulation of the visitors. 三维空间设计中的网格系统 网格系统不仅用于二维平面设计中，还可以应用在三维空间的 设计中。它可以系统地组织空间中的视觉元素，便于观众理解。 同时还能集合经济成本、时间效率和美学感官等多方面的优势。 以一个展览空间的设计为例，网格系统将被应用到室内的墙壁、 地板和天花板上。这与二维平面设计中的应用相似，网格的结 构，即单元网格的尺寸取决于： a. 房间的大小； b. 需要展出物品的文字和图示的信息量； c. 需要展出物品的尺寸和数量； d. 展会需要用到的室内家具：桌椅、展架、展墙、灯具等等。 在展览空间中，务必把文字和图片信息的体量降到最低。 在网格系统的辅助下，清晰易读的文字介绍和图片、合理的展 品布局、与主题相关的色彩设计以及带有建筑概念的空间设计 能让观众快速地掌握展览内容，从而更容易理解展品的优点。 在放置文本和图片时，一定要注意视平线的高度，即观众看到 它们的高度。通常情况下，离地170cm是比较合理的视平线 高度。 如果文本和图片的位置过高，观众就不得不仰头观看，容易产 生疲累；如果太低，同样也会让观众产生疲累。轻微颔首平视 的观赏姿势对于肌肉的压迫最小。在三维立体设计中，除了要 提前考虑到材料、照明和观众流动等一些额外的空间因素外， 使用网格系统的基本原理其实与二维平面非常相似。 Systematic organization of the plan and elevations enable the best possible use to be made of the exhibition area for the presentation of the products or the theme. Here again success depends upon the designer fulfilling the requisite conditions: Study of the problem, study of the spatial dimensions of the exhibition area, study of the environment and the factors which may exert any kind of influence on the impact made by the exhibition, study of visitor habits when inspecting and exhibition with the usual surfeit of visual sensations, study of visitor routes and walking directions, study of lighting conditions, study of the maximum distances at which texts can still be read, study of the distance from the neighbouring exhibitors, study of technical problems: water, electric connections, soil characteristics of the exhibition site. The name of the firm, emblem, product, service, etc., like informative texts, pictures, and colour, must be high-lighted in a way that is clear and unmistakable and suited to the importance of the item. 系统地规划三维空间中的平面和立面可以更好地利用空间来呈 现主题展品o 同样，空间设计的成功与否，再一次取决于设计师能否达到以 下这些前提条件： 研究设计中的问题； 研究展区的空间尺寸； 研究展会的整体环境，以及影响展览效果的各种因素；